Cardiology is a medical discipline focused on disorders of the heart,specifically pertaining to the human heart. This field encompasses thediagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary arterydisease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiology.Physicians specializing in this area are known as cardiologists.

It's important not to confuse cardiologists with cardiac surgeons,cardiothoracic, and cardiovascular surgeons, who perform open operativeprocedures on the heart and major blood vessels through sternotomy.

Becoming a cardiologist in Malaysia typically involves further education andtraining following a period of 4-5 years as House Officers (HO) and MedicalOfficers (MO). Candidates undergo specialized studies under the guidance ofexperienced cardiologists at university hospitals such as UM, UKM, USM, orpursue overseas options like MRCP in the UK, American Cardiology Fellowship,or its Australian equivalent. This specialization typically spans 3-4 years,during which the trainees are referred to as registrars or fellows.

Upon completion of the cardiology course and passing required examinations,graduates begin working in hospitals with the title of senior registrar(SR). This phase of training involves 5 years of combined House Officer andMedical Officer experience, followed by 4 years of specialization.

However, being a senior registrar does not equate to being a consultant. Toattain the status of consultant, individuals must pass specific examinationsto upgrade their qualifications. Senior registrars typically accumulateseveral years of experience before becoming eligible to take the consultantexams.

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